Historical and Archaeological Heritage of Yogyakarta (Sambisari Temple)

The Sambisari temple is situated in the hamlet Sambisari, Purwomartani Village, District Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. From the city center, the distance is 15 kilometers to the northeast. Sambisari temple which is a homage to Shiva is the Hindu temple is built at the beginning of the 9th century by the Rakai Garung, a Hindu king of Mataram Syailendra's Dynasty .
Sambisari temple discovered by accident. A farmer who was digging in their fields feel the spade struck a hard object which, when excavated and observed, it is a stone decorated with carvings. Based on these findings the report, Yogyakarta Archaeological Center conducted a study and excavation necessary. Based on the results of research, in 1966 stipulated that the land there are the ruins of a temple buried by a pile of sand and rock spewed by Mount Merapi in 1906. Reconstruction and restoration of the temple was completed in 1987.
Sambisari temple is located about 6.5 m below ground surface, so the temple is not visible from a distance. Supposedly, once the surface of the ground area around the temple is not higher than the flat land where Sambisari temple is located, but the land of sand and rocks carried by the eruption of Mount Merapi in the year 1006 have to hoard the area. As a result, Sambisari temple participate buried in landfills, so the current position becomes lower than the surrounding ground surface. Currently the land around the temple has been excavated and laid out, forming a square with a ladder on all four sides.
Sambisari temple complex is surrounded by two layers of fencing. Beyond the page width of 50 x 48 feet surrounded by a low stone fence, while a page in a rock surrounded by a fence about 50 inches thick with a height of about 2 meters. On each side of the entrance there is no gate or other decorations. Sambisari temple consists of a main temple and three Perwara temple. The main temple facing to the west is relatively intact condition, the three Perwara temple are located opposite the main temple currently only stone remaining. Each temple has the ground-plan ancillary square area of 4.8 square meters.
Height of the main temple up to the peak reached 7.5 meters. The temple stands on a rock that has a square ground-plan area of 13.65 square meters with a height of about 2 meters. The temple also berdenah square base with an area of 5 square meters. The difference with the temple's vast stone walkway that comes form a ledge at about 1.2 meters. The high ledge cause the body to the temple is not visible from the outside and only the roof that pops up, giving rise to the impression of fat. Foot of the temple plain unadorned, but the outer wall of the ledge decorated with floral carvings and the shuffle of tendrils very fine carvings.
The stairs leading to the hall is located at the front door, which is on the west side. Ladder is equipped with a pair of cheeks are decorated dragon head sculpture with his mouth agape. Rock beneath each dragon head sculpture in the form of Gana decorated in a squatting position with both hands raised upward, as if the head dragon on it. Gana, or often called Syiwaduta, is a small creature escort Shiva. Gana also found sculptures at the entrance of the temples at Prambanan temple complex.
At the top of the stairs there is a gate paduraksa frame decorated with carved motifs of sticky paper. Foot frame decorated with carved dragon heads facing out with his mouth agape. The same decoration is also found at the entrance to an inner room, but in the doorway of the room there are sculptures Kalamakara without the lower jaw.
On each side of the temple's outer walls are niches containing statues. In niches on the south wall there is a statue of Agastya or Grand Master Shiva, on the east wall there is a statue of Ganesha, and on the north wall there Mahesasuramardini Durga.
Shiva is portrayed as a bearded man with two and was standing on a lotus. On his right there is a trident, spear guns which is a three-eyed Shiva. This statue is similar to the Grand Master of the Shiva statue located in south niche Shiva temple at Prambanan Temple Complex, it's just that his body is more slender.
Ganesha statues found in the eastern niche of Ganesha statue is also similar to that found in the eastern niche Shiva temple. Ganesha is described in a cross-legged position on Padmasana (lotus throne) with both feet together. The difference is your right hand statue is riding on the knees looked up, while the left hand propping a bowl. End of the trunk as if sucking something out of the bowl.
In the north there is space Mahesasuramardini Durga, the goddess Durga as death. As found in the Shiva temple at Prambanan, Durga is also described as an eight-armed goddess standing on a bull Nandi. One of his right hand in a reclining position on a bludgeon, while the other three hands each holding arrows, swords and discs. One of his left hand holding the head of the Asura, while three other hand holds the bow, shield and flowers. In contrast to that found in the temple of Siva, the Asura, Durga giant dwarf companion, at the Sambisari temple depicted in a kneeling position. Durga in the temple Sambisari also described more sensual, viewed from standing position, the hip is short cloth exposing her thighs, breasts are more prominent, and the smile that graced his lips.
In the middle of the room measuring about 4.8 square meters in the body there is a Lingga temple complete with her yoni. Lingga made of white stone, while the yoni in the middle of the phallus made of black stone is very hard and shiny. Along the edge of the phallus there are grooves to hold water that flowed into the stream offerings decorated with a snake's head. (excerpt).

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Historical and Archaeological Heritage of Yogyakarta (Sari Temple)

Sari Temple is located about 10 km from the center of Yogyakarta, only about 3 kilometers from the Kalasan temple. Precisely this temple located in the Village Bendan, Village Tirtamartani, District Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. In accordance with the name of the village is located, this temple is also called the Temple Bendan.

According to estimates of the temple was built in the 8th century, during the reign of Rakai Panangkaran, along with the development Kalasan temple. Both the temple does have many similarities, both in terms of architecture and reliefs. Linking these two temples is explained in Kalasan Inscription (700 Saka / 778 M). In the inscription Kalasan explained that Syailendra's Dynasty religious advisers have suggested that the Maharaja Tejapurnama Panangkarana, which is estimated Panangkaran Rakai, set up a shrine to worship the goddess Tara, and a monastery for Buddhist monks. For the worship of the goddess Tara was built Kalasan, while for the dormitory was built Temple Sari Buddhist priest. Its function as a dormitory or residence can be seen from the overall shape and parts of the building and from the inside. That this temple is a building visible from the Buddhist stupa located at the top.

Sari temple was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century in a state heavily damaged. The first restoration was carried out between 1929 to 1930. Regarding restoration, the Kempers argued that the results are less satisfactory, in the sense of restoration has not managed to restore the integrity of the original building. This is caused by missing many parts of the temple. Also, when first discovered, there are parts of the building that is damaged with age, especially those not made of stone.

In the 19th century, about 130 m from Kalasan found ruins of the temple, which according to estimates as the residence of the priests. Sari Temple is now, which is located not far from Temple Kalasan, is a part of a collection of temples that have been lost. It is estimated that, once there is a stone fence that surrounded the temple. Temple entrance is guarded by a pair of statues Dwarapala holding mace and snakes, as found in front of the temple Plaosan.

Candi Sari rectangular, measuring 17.30 x 10 m, although the original ground-plan is said to be longer and wider, because the original legs jutting out around 1.60 m. Overall height of the temple from the ground up to the top of the stupa is 17-18 meters. Gate of the temple, of a width approximately one-third the width of the front wall and the high half of the high walls of the temple, is no more. The only remaining former meeting place for the gate wall with the front wall.

According to Kempers, Sari Temple is indeed an original two-story buildings or even three. The upper floor was used to store goods for the purposes religious, while the lower floor is used for religious activities, such as teaching and learning, discussion, etc.. Walls of this temple is also coated with vajralepa (brajalepa), the protective layer is also found on the walls of Kalasan. From the outside it has been seen that the temple is divided into two levels, namely the presence of transverse walls that stand out like a "belt" around the midsection of the temple. The division is punctuated by the presence of poles flat on the lower level along the walls and pillared alcoves along the walls of the upper level.

The recesses along the outside wall of the temple, both at the bottom or top, is currently empty. It is estimated, these recesses was decorated with statues of Buddha.

The outer walls of the body filled with statues and ornaments other sculptures are very beautiful. Doorways and windows each flanked by a pair of statues of men and women in a standing position holding a lotus. The number of statues as a whole is 36 pieces, consisting of eight statues in the front wall (east), eight statues on the north wall, 8 on the south wall, and 12 on the west wall (rear). Size statues were the same size as the human body in general.

In other parts of the walls are filled with sculpture various shapes, such as the Kinara Kinari (bird man), ropes, and Kumuda (leaves and flowers sticking out of a round pot). On top of the windowsill and alcoves decorated with Kalamakara without the lower jaw in the form of a highly decorative and far from being scary. As to those found on temple walls Kalasan, Sari temple walls are also covered by a layer Vajralepa, which serves to preserve the bright colors and stones.

Stairs rise to the surface of the base of the temple has been destroyed. On the stairs there is a stone base. It is unclear whether it's stone base was in place, but it seems the bottom extolled was buried in the soil.

The entrance was in the middle of the long side in the east. Original doorway in the wall of the temple is located in the chamber viewer that jutted out. At this booth has been no trace of the viewer, so that the entrance to the room in the temple can be directly seen. Kalamakara decorations on the frame and above the threshold is very simple, because the decoration is beautifully situated on the outer wall of the booth door.

Inside the temple there are three rooms that lined each measuring 3.48 mx 5.80 m. The middle room and two other rooms connected by doors and windows. Chambers was originally built as a multilevel booths. Divided by two high walls with wooden floors supported by fourteen wooden cross beams, so that the temple is entirely contained six rooms. Inner walls of the room plain unadorned. On the back wall of each room there is a kind of rack that was located high, formerly used as a place of religious ceremony and placing statues. Downstairs there are several statues and niches coaster putting a statue of the former. None of these statues are still remaining today. On the north wall and south rooms there are niches to put lighting.

Floor and part of the building made ​​of wood is now gone, but the walls are still visible holes where plugging beams. In the south wall of the chamber found the carved stones in the oblique position, which serves as a buffer of the stairs made ​​of wood.

Rectangular flat roof of the temple was decorated with 3 pieces of niches on each side. The frame is also decorated with niches carved tendrils and above threshold is also decorated with Kalamakara niches. Top of the temple in the form of a row of stupas, which consists of a stupa at each corner and one in the middle of the roof. At the time of shooting is done, ie in March 2003, Sari Temple is undergoing refurbishment.

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Historical and Archaeological Heritage of Yogyakarta (Kalasan Temple)

  Kalasan temple is located 50 meters to the south of Road Yogya - Solo, precisely in Kalibening, Tirtomartani Village, District Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta.

Based on 778 bertarikh Kalasan inscriptions were found not far from this temple mentioned the establishment of a shrine to honor the female Bodhisattva, Tarabhawana and a monastery for the priests. Rulers who ruled the construction of this temple is named Maharaja Tejapurnapana Panangkaran (Rakai Panangkaran) of the Syailendra's family. Then the ratio of the manuscript in the inscription Kelurak figures can be identified by Dharanindra or by Nalanda inscription is the father of Samaragrawira. So this temple can be evidence of the presence of Wangsa Syailendra, rulers of Sriwijaya in Sumatra, Java.

The building of the temple which has 34 meters height, length and width of 45 meters is composed of three parts, namely the bottom or foot of the temple, the temple and temple roof. The lowest part of the temple is the base of the temple which stood on a stone pedestal square form with a size of 45 meters and a width shelf. In this section there is a staircase entrance is decorated with makara at the top of the stairs. Around the foot of the temple there are decorative tendrils coming out of a flower pot or vase.

The temple square with some appearance that juts out in the middle side. In the southeast there is a chamber that can be entered through the east side of the chamber viewer. Inside the chamber there is a throne decorated with patterns lean lion standing on the back of an elephant. On the outside of the temple there is a niche decorated with the figure of the god figure in a standing position by holding a lotus flower.

At each entrance, from the north and south, there are decoration Kala. At the 'Jengger' are decorative flower buds, leaves and tendrils. The top of a tree decorated with paintings of Gods and its occupants Khayangan cloud, playing the sounds of which the carrier drum, fiddle, shellfish and camara. The roof of the temple there is a cube that is considered as the summit of nearby Mount Semeru, there are several stupas.

The boundary between the temple's roof and there flower heaven bodied creatures called dwarf gana. The roof of this temple is octagonal and consist of two levels. On each side at the first level there are statues depicting Buddha and the Buddhist people in the two portray Yani Buddha. For example Yani Buddha Ratnasembawa located on the south side. The top of the possibility of a stupa, but to no avail reconstructed because many stones that have been lost.

Around the temple there is a stupa with a height of approximately 4.60 and amounted to 52 pieces. Stupas can not be rebuilt because it has many stones are missing. The specialty of this temple is on the surface of the stone there is a layer called Brajalepha.

To see and get some more information about our Kalasan temple waiting your arrival at Kalasan, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta.

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